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Difference between revisions of "Important Collins words"

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This page describes which Collins-only words are important for an [[OTCWL|OTCWL]] player to learn, and is part of our introduction to [[SOWPODS|Collins (SOWPODS) in North America]]. For brevity, we will refer to the North American and International lexica, OTCWL16 and CSW15, as TWL and CSW respectively.
+
This page describes which Collins-only words are important for an [[NWL]] player to learn, and is part of our introduction to [[SOWPODS|Collins (SOWPODS) in North America]]. For brevity, we will refer to the North American and International lexica, as NWL and CSW respectively. Our comparison numbers are given for NWL23 and CSW24, but the same ideas apply for the alternative North American lexica WOW24 and NSWL24, which are very similar to NWL for the purposes of this page.
  
 
== How many more words are there, and what would I need to learn? ==
 
== How many more words are there, and what would I need to learn? ==
  
Technically, of course, you need to learn almost nothing, because there are just 59 2-8 letter words in TWL that are not in CSW, and almost all of those are obscure. In practice, of course, there are some useful basic words to start with.
+
In principle, to play CSW from an NWL background you need to learn very little because NWL is close to being a pure subset of CSW. From close to a quarter million words in CSW, there are just 130 of length 2-8 letters that are only good in NWL. CSW24 contains 87,984 words not in NWL23, of which 31,445 are 2-8 letters in length, and 56,539 are 9-15 letters in length.
  
Because CSW contains essentially all the TWL words, you can continue to play the same game, and anything that was good in TWL remains good. Because the fundamentals of the game have not changed, the kinds of words that are the most useful to study in TWL are also the best to study in CSW. Thus the player who has studied the 2s, 3s, JQXZ words, some 4s, high probability bingos, etc., can continue to use the same methods for CSW.
+
CSW and its predecessor, SOWPODS, were designed this way, with the intent of encompassing both the British and American word lists. NWL used to be even closer to being a pure subset, but events in the intervening years have caused some drift apart.
  
So how many words are there? In total, the TWL contains 188,738 words, and CSW contains 276,663. About half of these are 9–15 letters, and while some 9s can be useful, the vast majority (about 98%) of the gain is with the 2–8s. OWL contains 88,099 of these, while CSW has 118,999, which is 30,900 more. This is about 35%, which means that for approximately every 3 TWL words there is an extra CSW word.
+
So while in theory you can play CSW right away, in practice there are some useful basic words to study. Because the fundamentals of the game do not change between the lexica, the kinds of words that are the most useful to learn in NWL are also the best in CSW. Therefore studying the 2s, 3s, JQXZ words, some 4s and 5s, high probability bingos, etc., continues to be the most productive approach.
  
However, it is likely that you did not start out playing TWL with the intention of learning all 188,738 words. Likewise, you can play a good CSW game without needing more than a small fraction of the extra 30,900 2–8s. In fact, you can play a decent game with just the 2s and 3s. The main thing to keep in mind is that essentially every word you know from TWL is still valid. So, as we have already seen that three quarters of the words are TWL, you are already three quarters of the way there. And in many cases, even more than this, because there will be a choice of moves, many of which will be TWL.
+
== Two-letter words ==
  
So, what should you actually study? In the following, we present various useful lists and suggestions. In some cases we have presented just the most useful words, but you can see the full list by following the link in the heading.
+
As in NWL, by far the most useful words are the 2s. There are 20 more of these in CSW:
  
== Two-letter words ==
+
  1-10: CH DI EA EE FY GU IO JA KO KY
 +
  11-20: NY OB OO OU ST UG UR YU ZE ZO
  
As in TWL, by far the most useful words are the 2s. There are 19 more of these in CSW:
+
<br>While 20 is not a large number, you probably will not remember them all in one sitting, but they will become a natural part of the game over time. Anecdotally, the ones NWL players have the most difficulty seeing over the board are CH and ST, because C has no 2 letter words in NWL, and ST is an unusual letter combination. FY, KY, and NY are also notable for their combination of lack of vowels and scoring, Z becomes a much more powerful tile with the addition of ZE and ZO, and there are several more 2-vowel 2s: EA, EE, IO, OO, and OU.
  
  CH DI EA EE FY GU IO JA KO KY
+
== [[Three-letter words]] ==
  NY OB OO OU ST UG UR YU ZO
 
  
<br>While 19 is not a large number, you probably will not remember them all straightaway (your author has played in the World Championships, and did not remember the 2s in one sitting). They will become a natural part of the game over time.
+
Following the 2s, there are 267 3s.
  
== [[Three-letter words]] ==
+
The most useful 3s are:
  
Following the 2s, there are 260 3s. The most useful 3s are:
+
  1-10: QIN IDE EXO OWO ENE ITA OYE JAI ZEA URE
 +
  11-20: JOR IWI AIA AYU ZEL WEX WOF WOX NYE OBO
 +
  21-30: ZEX AME TEX ONY DZO NEF ZOL DOF GIO YEX
 +
  ...
  
  QIN EXO IDE OYE JAI ENE ITA AIA IWI AYU
+
<br> "Usefulness" here is chosen using Zyzzyva's ''playability'' measure, which essentially measures how much you gain by knowing that word. The words with highest playability tend to be high scoring ones that occur often, or letter combinations that are not necessarily high probability but when they do come up they are often significantly better than the next best move. These include words like vowel dumps, and awkward letter combinations such as FV, for example FAUVE in NWL and VIFDA in CSW.
  JOR WEX URE WOX WOF DZO NYE AME AUA ZOL
 
  GIO WAI TEX ONY OBO NEF NOX FAW YEX FAA ...
 
  
<br>Obviously, like in TWL, you do not need to know 100% of the 3s before continuing. While words such as ZIZ may come in handy some day, it is likely that various 4s and bingos will come up first.
+
Of the CSW-only 3s, the one that comes up by far the most is QIN, the Chinese musical instrument. Other interesting patterns emerge such as ?W? being valid with all 5 vowels: AWA, EWE, IWI, OWO, and UWU, but it is not in scope here to go into detail.
  
The next most useful words are the same as in TWL: short words with many vowels, high-scorers with J, Q, X and Z, some of the most useful 4s and 5s (words which are likely to be much better than other moves if you have those tiles, such as VIFDA), high probability bingos, dump-words such as 4s with 2 Is, and words with Q but no U.
+
You do not need to know 100% of the 3s before continuing. The next most useful words after the 2s and 3s are the same as in NWL: short words with many vowels, high-scorers with J, Q, X and Z, some of the most useful 4s and 5s, high probability (or playability) bingos, dump-words such as 4s with 2 Is, and words with Q but not the Qu combination.
  
 
== [[Vowel dumps]] ==
 
== [[Vowel dumps]] ==
Line 38: Line 39:
 
   2s: EA EE IO OO OU
 
   2s: EA EE IO OO OU
 
   3s: AIA AUA AUE
 
   3s: AIA AUA AUE
   4s: EUOI HIOI EVOE HUIA VIAE IDEE OUPA UVAE ONIE ALOO ...
+
   4s: EUOI HIOI EVOE ONIE IDEE VIAE HUIA ALOO EOAN AITU ...
   5s: AIDOI AINEE AULOI BOOAI OUIJA ZOAEA ZOOEA
+
   5s: AENEI AIDOI AINEE AULOI BOOAI OUIJA ZOAEA ZOOEA
 
   6s: EUOUAE ZOAEAE ZOOEAE
 
   6s: EUOUAE ZOAEAE ZOOEAE
   7s: ETAERIO EATERIE AERADIO AIERIES OLEARIA EUGARIE DOULEIA EUOUAES MOINEAU DIANOIA ...
+
   7s: ETAERIO EATERIE AIERIES OLEARIA EUGARIE DOULEIA MOINEAU AURELIA EUOUAES EQUINIA ...
   8s: ETAERIOS AEROTONE AEGIRINE NOTITIAE DOUANIER AEGIRITE INAURATE AERADIOS ETOURDIE OLEARIAS ...
+
   8s: ETAERIOS ERIONITE AEROTONE NOTITIAE DOUANIER AEGIRITE AEGIRINE INAURATE OLEARIAS ETOURDIE ...
 
+
 
 
== [[Short JQXZ words]] ==
 
== [[Short JQXZ words]] ==
  
 
   J: JA
 
   J: JA
 
     JAI JOR JOL JAP JIZ ...
 
     JAI JOR JOL JAP JIZ ...
     JOBE BENJ JEDI JAGA JUVE ...
+
     JOBE BENJ JUVE JAGA ROJI ...    
     OUIJA JEWIE JIAOS JEUNE JOBED ...
+
     OUIJA JEWIE JIRRE JOBED JIGOT ...
 
   Q: QIN
 
   Q: QIN
 
     QINS WAQF FIQH QUOP QUEP ...
 
     QINS WAQF FIQH QUOP QUEP ...
     TALAQ QORMA QUOAD QUOIF QUAIR ...
+
     QEEMA TALAQ QORMA QUOIF QUOAD ...
   X: EXO WEX WOX TEX NOX ...
+
   X: EXO WEX WOX ZEX TEX ...
     WEXE GREX FAIX DIXI SAXE ...
+
     WEXE GREX DIXI FAIX ULEX ...
     VITEX VIBEX XOANA JAXIE WEXED ...
+
     VITEX VIBEX JAXIE XOANA WEXED ...    
   Z: ZO
+
   Z: ZE ZO
     DZO ZOL ZEX ZEA BEZ ...
+
     ZEA ZEL ZEX DZO ZOL ...
 
     LAZO TREZ ZITE ZOOT ZATI ...
 
     LAZO TREZ ZITE ZOOT ZATI ...
     ZOAEA ZOOEA ZANTE AVIZE EZINE ...
+
     ZOAEA ZOOEA AVIZE ZANTE SQUIZ ...
 +
 
 +
== Useful 4s and 5s ==
 +
 
 +
  4s:  1-10: EUOI QINS HIOI WEXE EVOE WAQF FIQH JOBE ONIE IDEE
 +
      11-20: LAZO VEGO VIAE BENJ HUIA GREX JUVE ALOO TREZ EOAN
 +
      ...
 +
  5s:  1-10: QEEMA TALAQ QORMA YITIE OUIJA AENEI QUOIF QUOAD GUQIN AULOI
 +
      11-20: AINEE BOOAI ZOAEA ZOOEA QUAIR AIDOI JEWIE VINEW WAQFS QUINO
 +
      ...
  
 
== [[High-probability bingos]] ==
 
== [[High-probability bingos]] ==
  
 
   7s: NOTAIRE OTARINE ETAERIO ALERION OARIEST OTARIES ROASTIE ORIGANE ENTRAIL RESIANT ...
 
   7s: NOTAIRE OTARINE ETAERIO ALERION OARIEST OTARIES ROASTIE ORIGANE ENTRAIL RESIANT ...
   8s: ANOESTRI ARSONITE NOTAIRES ROSINATE ETAERIOS DONARIES DOUANIER ALERIONS SOTERIAL INORNATE ...
+
   8s: TAILERON ANOESTRI ARSONITE NOTAIRES ROSINATE ETAERIOS DONARIES DOUANIER ALERIONS SOTERIAL ...
  
 
== I and U dumps ==
 
== I and U dumps ==
  
 
   I: IWI
 
   I: IWI
     DIVI DIXI FINI HIOI ISIT MIHI PIPI SIMI SIRI WILI
+
     DIVI DIXI FIFI FINI HIOI ISIT MIHI PIPI SIMI SIRI WILI
   U: UMU UTU
+
   U: UMU UTU UWU
 
     HUHU KUKU KUTU KUZU PUKU PULU RURU SUSU UMUS UTUS WUDU ZULU
 
     HUHU KUKU KUTU KUZU PUKU PULU RURU SUSU UMUS UTUS WUDU ZULU
  
 
== Q-not-followed-by-U words ==
 
== Q-not-followed-by-U words ==
  
         FIQH -s   QALAMDAN -s   QWERTIES
+
         FIQH -s     QAMEEZ -es      TALAQ -s
       GUQIN -s      QASIDA -s       TALAQ -s
+
       GUQIN -s      QASIDA -s     TSADDIQ -s
     INQILAB -s      QAWWAL -s    TSADDIQ -s
+
     INQILAB -s      QAWWAL -s   TSADDIQIM
    MUQADDAM -s    QAWWALI -s   TSADDIQIM
+
     MUQADDAM -s       QEEMA -s    TZADDIQ -s
     QABALISM -s        QIN -s     TZADDIQ -s
+
     QABALISM -s        QIN -s   TZADDIQIM
     QABALIST -s  QINGHAOSU -s   TZADDIQIM
+
     QABALIST -s  QINGHAOSU -s       WAQF -s
   QABALISTIC      QINTARKA           WAQF -s
+
   QABALISTIC      QINTARKA         YAQONA -s
     QAIMAQAM -s      QORMA -s     YAQONA -s
+
     QAIMAQAM -s      QORMA -s
 +
    QALAMDAN -s   QWERTIES
  
 
== Going Further ==
 
== Going Further ==
Line 88: Line 99:
 
The basics above are easily enough for a good CSW game. But you may decide that you wish to go further.
 
The basics above are easily enough for a good CSW game. But you may decide that you wish to go further.
  
A significant downside to going further is that it can be difficult to keep the two lexica separate. Although remembering which of the words you now know are &ldquo;new&rdquo; (think back to the last dictionary update, if you have been playing that long) is not too bad, remembering a word and remembering which lexicon it is in are not the same thing, especially over a period of time. Those CSW words may come back to haunt you in a TWL game a few months down the line!
+
A significant downside to going further is that it can be difficult to keep the two lexica separate. Although remembering which of the words you now know are &ldquo;new&rdquo; is not too bad (think back to the last dictionary update, if you have been playing that long), remembering a word and remembering which lexicon it is in are not the same thing, especially over a period of time. The CSW words may come back to haunt you in a NWL game a few months down the line!
  
But nevertheless, some people have high ratings at both TWL and CSW, and one can get to quite a high standard quite quickly.
+
But nevertheless, some people have high ratings at both NWL and CSW, and one can get to quite a high standard quite quickly.
  
Chosen correctly, it can be shown that learning the top 1% of the words when ordered by playability is equivalent to learning 25% of all the words. So, for the 2-8s, learning the top 300 from CSW is effectively learning one quarter of all the words newly allowed by that lexicon. This top 25% (or any other fraction) can be accessed by playability in the Collins edition of the [[Collins links|Zyzzyva]] word study program.
+
Chosen correctly, it can be shown that learning the top 1% of the words when ordered by playability is equivalent to learning 25% of all the words. So for the 2-8s, learning the top 300 from CSW is effectively learning one quarter of all the words newly allowed by that lexicon. This top 25% (or any other fraction) can be accessed by playability in the [https://blog.collinsdictionary.com/scrabble/scrabble-tools/ Collins Zyzzyva] word study program.
  
 
== Collins Cheat Sheet ==
 
== Collins Cheat Sheet ==
  
We have incorporated the above into a [[Media:Collins_cheat_sheet_part_1.pdf|Collins Cheat Sheet]], that is designed to be used by new-to, or occasional players of, CSW. It resembles the original [http://www.cross-tables.com/cs Cheat Sheet] by Mike Baron, and the NSA&rsquo;s &ldquo;Important Words to Raise Your Score&rdquo; sheet that was given to new members, except that it concentrates on CSW words.
+
'''NOTE:''' The Cheat sheet needs updating from CSW21 to CSW24, but is otherwise as described
 +
 
 +
We have incorporated the above into a [[Media:Collins_Cheat_Sheet_CSW21_Part_1_of_2.pdf|Collins Cheat Sheet]], that is designed to be used as a reference by players of CSW who started off using NWL, in settings that allow it.
 +
 
 +
It resembles the original [http://www.cross-tables.com/cs Cheat Sheet] by Mike Baron, and the NSA&rsquo;s &ldquo;Important Words to Raise Your Score&rdquo; sheet that was given to new members, except that it concentrates on CSW words.
 +
 
 +
There is also a [[Media:Collins_Cheat_Sheet_CSW21_Part_2_of_2.pdf|Collins Cheat Sheet Part 2]], which contains a useful array of the hooks to CSW 2s, and the full set of CSW 4s.
  
There is also a [[Media:Collins_cheat_sheet_part_2.pdf|Collins Cheat Sheet Part 2]], which contains a useful array of the hooks to CSW 2s, and the full set of CSW 4s.
+
The sheets could also be used by native CSW players who wish to play NWL to know which words are *not* allowed, although it is not complete in this sense.
  
 
== More Resources ==
 
== More Resources ==
  
For further resources regarding the CSW words, including word study software such as [[Zyzzyva]], see the [[Collins links]] page.
+
For further resources regarding the CSW words, including word study software such as Zyzzyva, see the [[Collins links]] page.
  
 
Please direct comments about this page to its author, [[Nick Ball]].
 
Please direct comments about this page to its author, [[Nick Ball]].

Latest revision as of 13:57, 22 August 2025

This page describes which Collins-only words are important for an NWL player to learn, and is part of our introduction to Collins (SOWPODS) in North America. For brevity, we will refer to the North American and International lexica, as NWL and CSW respectively. Our comparison numbers are given for NWL23 and CSW24, but the same ideas apply for the alternative North American lexica WOW24 and NSWL24, which are very similar to NWL for the purposes of this page.

How many more words are there, and what would I need to learn?

In principle, to play CSW from an NWL background you need to learn very little because NWL is close to being a pure subset of CSW. From close to a quarter million words in CSW, there are just 130 of length 2-8 letters that are only good in NWL. CSW24 contains 87,984 words not in NWL23, of which 31,445 are 2-8 letters in length, and 56,539 are 9-15 letters in length.

CSW and its predecessor, SOWPODS, were designed this way, with the intent of encompassing both the British and American word lists. NWL used to be even closer to being a pure subset, but events in the intervening years have caused some drift apart.

So while in theory you can play CSW right away, in practice there are some useful basic words to study. Because the fundamentals of the game do not change between the lexica, the kinds of words that are the most useful to learn in NWL are also the best in CSW. Therefore studying the 2s, 3s, JQXZ words, some 4s and 5s, high probability bingos, etc., continues to be the most productive approach.

Two-letter words

As in NWL, by far the most useful words are the 2s. There are 20 more of these in CSW:

  1-10: CH DI EA EE FY GU IO JA KO KY
 11-20: NY OB OO OU ST UG UR YU ZE ZO


While 20 is not a large number, you probably will not remember them all in one sitting, but they will become a natural part of the game over time. Anecdotally, the ones NWL players have the most difficulty seeing over the board are CH and ST, because C has no 2 letter words in NWL, and ST is an unusual letter combination. FY, KY, and NY are also notable for their combination of lack of vowels and scoring, Z becomes a much more powerful tile with the addition of ZE and ZO, and there are several more 2-vowel 2s: EA, EE, IO, OO, and OU.

Three-letter words

Following the 2s, there are 267 3s.

The most useful 3s are:

  1-10: QIN IDE EXO OWO ENE ITA OYE JAI ZEA URE
 11-20: JOR IWI AIA AYU ZEL WEX WOF WOX NYE OBO
 21-30: ZEX AME TEX ONY DZO NEF ZOL DOF GIO YEX
 ...


"Usefulness" here is chosen using Zyzzyva's playability measure, which essentially measures how much you gain by knowing that word. The words with highest playability tend to be high scoring ones that occur often, or letter combinations that are not necessarily high probability but when they do come up they are often significantly better than the next best move. These include words like vowel dumps, and awkward letter combinations such as FV, for example FAUVE in NWL and VIFDA in CSW.

Of the CSW-only 3s, the one that comes up by far the most is QIN, the Chinese musical instrument. Other interesting patterns emerge such as ?W? being valid with all 5 vowels: AWA, EWE, IWI, OWO, and UWU, but it is not in scope here to go into detail.

You do not need to know 100% of the 3s before continuing. The next most useful words after the 2s and 3s are the same as in NWL: short words with many vowels, high-scorers with J, Q, X and Z, some of the most useful 4s and 5s, high probability (or playability) bingos, dump-words such as 4s with 2 Is, and words with Q but not the Qu combination.

Vowel dumps

 2s: EA EE IO OO OU
 3s: AIA AUA AUE
 4s: EUOI HIOI EVOE ONIE IDEE VIAE HUIA ALOO EOAN AITU ...
 5s: AENEI AIDOI AINEE AULOI BOOAI OUIJA ZOAEA ZOOEA
 6s: EUOUAE ZOAEAE ZOOEAE
 7s: ETAERIO EATERIE AIERIES OLEARIA EUGARIE DOULEIA MOINEAU AURELIA EUOUAES EQUINIA ...
 8s: ETAERIOS ERIONITE AEROTONE NOTITIAE DOUANIER AEGIRITE AEGIRINE INAURATE OLEARIAS ETOURDIE ...

Short JQXZ words

 J: JA
    JAI JOR JOL JAP JIZ ...
    JOBE BENJ JUVE JAGA ROJI ...     
    OUIJA JEWIE JIRRE JOBED JIGOT ...
 Q: QIN
    QINS WAQF FIQH QUOP QUEP ...
    QEEMA TALAQ QORMA QUOIF QUOAD ...
 X: EXO WEX WOX ZEX TEX ...
    WEXE GREX DIXI FAIX ULEX ...
    VITEX VIBEX JAXIE XOANA WEXED ...     
 Z: ZE ZO
    ZEA ZEL ZEX DZO ZOL ...
    LAZO TREZ ZITE ZOOT ZATI ...
    ZOAEA ZOOEA AVIZE ZANTE SQUIZ ...

Useful 4s and 5s

 4s:  1-10: EUOI QINS HIOI WEXE EVOE WAQF FIQH JOBE ONIE IDEE
     11-20: LAZO VEGO VIAE BENJ HUIA GREX JUVE ALOO TREZ EOAN
     ...
 5s:  1-10: QEEMA TALAQ QORMA YITIE OUIJA AENEI QUOIF QUOAD GUQIN AULOI
     11-20: AINEE BOOAI ZOAEA ZOOEA QUAIR AIDOI JEWIE VINEW WAQFS QUINO
     ...

High-probability bingos

 7s: NOTAIRE OTARINE ETAERIO ALERION OARIEST OTARIES ROASTIE ORIGANE ENTRAIL RESIANT ...
 8s: TAILERON ANOESTRI ARSONITE NOTAIRES ROSINATE ETAERIOS DONARIES DOUANIER ALERIONS SOTERIAL ...

I and U dumps

 I: IWI
    DIVI DIXI FIFI FINI HIOI ISIT MIHI PIPI SIMI SIRI WILI
 U: UMU UTU UWU
    HUHU KUKU KUTU KUZU PUKU PULU RURU SUSU UMUS UTUS WUDU ZULU

Q-not-followed-by-U words

       FIQH -s      QAMEEZ -es      TALAQ -s
      GUQIN -s      QASIDA -s     TSADDIQ -s
    INQILAB -s      QAWWAL -s   TSADDIQIM
   MUQADDAM -s       QEEMA -s     TZADDIQ -s
   QABALISM -s         QIN -s   TZADDIQIM
   QABALIST -s   QINGHAOSU -s        WAQF -s
 QABALISTIC       QINTARKA         YAQONA -s
   QAIMAQAM -s       QORMA -s
   QALAMDAN -s    QWERTIES

Going Further

The basics above are easily enough for a good CSW game. But you may decide that you wish to go further.

A significant downside to going further is that it can be difficult to keep the two lexica separate. Although remembering which of the words you now know are “new” is not too bad (think back to the last dictionary update, if you have been playing that long), remembering a word and remembering which lexicon it is in are not the same thing, especially over a period of time. The CSW words may come back to haunt you in a NWL game a few months down the line!

But nevertheless, some people have high ratings at both NWL and CSW, and one can get to quite a high standard quite quickly.

Chosen correctly, it can be shown that learning the top 1% of the words when ordered by playability is equivalent to learning 25% of all the words. So for the 2-8s, learning the top 300 from CSW is effectively learning one quarter of all the words newly allowed by that lexicon. This top 25% (or any other fraction) can be accessed by playability in the Collins Zyzzyva word study program.

Collins Cheat Sheet

NOTE: The Cheat sheet needs updating from CSW21 to CSW24, but is otherwise as described

We have incorporated the above into a Collins Cheat Sheet, that is designed to be used as a reference by players of CSW who started off using NWL, in settings that allow it.

It resembles the original Cheat Sheet by Mike Baron, and the NSA’s “Important Words to Raise Your Score” sheet that was given to new members, except that it concentrates on CSW words.

There is also a Collins Cheat Sheet Part 2, which contains a useful array of the hooks to CSW 2s, and the full set of CSW 4s.

The sheets could also be used by native CSW players who wish to play NWL to know which words are *not* allowed, although it is not complete in this sense.

More Resources

For further resources regarding the CSW words, including word study software such as Zyzzyva, see the Collins links page.

Please direct comments about this page to its author, Nick Ball.